Which of the following is a contraindication for breastfeeding?

The correct choice highlights a significant health consideration regarding breastfeeding safety. When a mother is infected with HIV/AIDS, breastfeeding can potentially transmit the virus to the infant through breast milk. This transmission risk is particularly critical because the infant's immune system is still developing, and exposure to HIV can result in serious health consequences.

In contrast, the other conditions listed, such as fetal macrosomia, type II diabetes, and gestational hypertension, do not inherently prevent a mother from breastfeeding. While these conditions may require careful management and monitoring, they do not pose the same direct risk of transmission of infectious disease as HIV does. As a result, they are not classified as contraindications for breastfeeding.

This understanding is crucial for healthcare providers when counseling mothers on breastfeeding, ensuring that they are informed of potential risks and the safest feeding practices for infants.