Which medication should be avoided in the late stages of pregnancy due to risk of hemolytic anemia in newborns?

The medication that should be avoided in the late stages of pregnancy due to the risk of hemolytic anemia in newborns is Nitrofurantoin. This is particularly important in the third trimester, as this antibiotic has been associated with increased risk for this condition in the infant. Nitrofurantoin can lead to a potential accumulation of its metabolites in the fetal circulation, which, in susceptible newborns, can result in oxidative stress and hemolysis of red blood cells.

The caution regarding its use is based on its mechanism of action, which involves the generation of free radicals that can adversely affect the immature red blood cells of the newborn. As a result, healthcare providers are typically advised to avoid this medication during pregnancy, especially as the delivery date approaches, to mitigate the associated risks for the newborn.

Other classes of antibiotics, such as macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and penicillins, have different safety profiles and are not associated with the same risk of hemolytic anemia in the newborn as Nitrofurantoin. Therefore, understanding the specific implications and risks associated with different medications during pregnancy is crucial for ensuring the safety and health of both the mother and the developing fetus.