What may the presence of knots in the umbilical cord cause during labor?

The presence of knots in the umbilical cord can lead to fetal decelerations during labor due to the potential for cord compression. When a knot forms in the cord, it may create a point of constriction that can restrict blood flow and oxygen delivery to the fetus. This reduction in blood flow can result in abnormal fetal heart rate patterns, often manifesting as variable decelerations.

Variable decelerations are characterized by abrupt decreases in fetal heart rate that can be associated with contractions or may occur independently. These decelerations occur when there is transient compression of the umbilical cord, which can happen if the knot tightens during labor. The umbilical cord plays a crucial role in providing essential nutrients and oxygen to the fetus; thus, disturbances in this function can lead to fetal distress.

In contrast, the other choices do not directly relate to the impact of cord knots. Increased fetal heart rate is often a response to stress or stimulation rather than directly linked to knotted cords. Maternal hypertension and placental abruption involve different pathophysiological processes and are not directly caused by umbilical cord knots. Hence, fetal decelerations are the most appropriate answer, reflecting the direct impact that such complications in the um