What is the primary function of oxytocin during lactation?

Oxytocin plays a crucial role in lactation, particularly in facilitating the letdown reflex, which is the process that allows milk to be expressed from the alveoli of the breast into the milk ducts, making it available for the nursing infant. When the infant suckles at the breast, nerve signals are sent to the hypothalamus, triggering the release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary gland. This hormone causes the myoepithelial cells surrounding the milk-producing alveoli to contract, effectively pushing the milk into the ducts and towards the nipple.

This letdown reflex is essential for successful breastfeeding, as it ensures that the milk is readily available to the infant when feeding, enhancing the breastfeeding experience and supporting the nutritional needs of the baby. Thus, the primary function of oxytocin during lactation is closely linked to this process, making it vital for effective milk delivery during nursing.