What is the most common cause of fever greater than 38C/100.4F in the postpartal period?

The most common cause of fever greater than 38°C (100.4°F) in the postpartal period is a genital tract infection. After childbirth, particularly after a cesarean delivery or a complicated vaginal delivery, women are susceptible to infections due to factors such as prolonged labor, use of internal monitors, or perineal trauma. The normal flora may also be disrupted, increasing the risk for infection.

Genital tract infections, including endometritis, are specifically noted for causing elevated temperatures in postpartum women. Symptoms typically include fever, uterine tenderness, and foul-smelling lochia. Monitoring for these signs is critical in the postpartum period to ensure timely intervention and treatment.

While urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, and gastrointestinal infections can also occur in the postpartum period, they are not as prevalent as genital tract infections in causing fever. The distinct risk factors present during and immediately following delivery highlight why genital tract infections are the most common source of postpartum fever.