What is the most common complication from excessive force on the fetal neck during delivery?

The most common complication from excessive force on the fetal neck during delivery is a brachial plexus injury. This injury occurs when the network of nerves that send signals from the spinal cord to the shoulder, arm, and hand is damaged. During labor and delivery, particularly if there is shoulder dystocia, excessive lateral traction applied to the fetal head can stretch or tear these nerves.

Brachial plexus injuries can result in varying degrees of weakness or paralysis of the affected arm, which may further lead to difficulties in movement and function. Proper techniques during delivery, including the use of appropriate maneuvers to resolve shoulder dystocia, are crucial to minimize the risk of this injury.

Other complications mentioned, such as spinal cord injury, respiratory distress, and fractured clavicle, can occur during delivery but are not as common as brachial plexus injury when excessive force is applied to the fetal neck.