What is a primary problem associated with cocaine use during pregnancy?

Cocaine use during pregnancy primarily leads to vasoconstriction. This occurs because cocaine stimulates the central nervous system and results in elevated blood pressure and heart rate due to its effects on neurotransmitters. The vasoconstriction can reduce blood flow to the placenta and limit the oxygen and nutrients that are delivered to the fetus.

This reduced blood flow is particularly concerning because it can lead to various fetal complications, including fetal hypoxia, which is a critical deficiency in oxygen supply to the fetus. The impact on placental blood flow affects fetal development and increases risks such as low birth weight and preterm birth.

In contrast, vasodilation, increased maternal blood volume, and other unrelated consequences do not accurately reflect the physiological effects of cocaine use during pregnancy. Understanding the significant impact of vasoconstriction helps healthcare professionals manage possible risks associated with maternal substance use and optimize fetal outcomes.