What is a potential consequence of oligohydramnios if it occurs early in pregnancy?

The correct choice highlights a significant consequence of oligohydramnios, particularly when it occurs early in pregnancy, which is the development of contractures of the limbs. Oligohydramnios refers to a lower than normal level of amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus. This condition can impede the fetus's ability to move freely in utero, leading to musculoskeletal issues such as limb contractures. The lack of sufficient amniotic fluid restricts the space available for movement, directly impacting fetal musculoskeletal development.

In contrast, other options do not reflect the consequences associated with oligohydramnios. Improved fetal lung development typically occurs in the presence of adequate amniotic fluid, as fetal lung development is stimulated by the inhalation of fluid. The statement about decreased risk of birth defects does not apply, as oligohydramnios is associated with a variety of clinical complications, rather than a reduction in birth defects. Increased fetal movements are also unlikely, as reduced amniotic fluid often leads to restricted movement rather than increased activity. Understanding the implications of oligohydramnios helps in recognizing the need for careful monitoring and potential interventions during pregnancy.