What does colostrum promote in neonates aside from providing antibodies?

Colostrum has several important functions for neonates, one of which is to promote the passage of meconium. This thick, dark green stool is typically the first stool passed by newborns and consists of materials ingested during the time in utero. The presence of certain components in colostrum, such as secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA), growth factors, and high concentrations of nutrients, assists in stimulating the intestines of the newborn, encouraging peristalsis, and facilitating this initial bowel movement.

This natural laxative effect of colostrum helps clear the meconium from the infant's system more quickly, reducing the risk of complications such as jaundice, which can occur if meconium is not passed adequately. Additionally, the early feeding with colostrum can have benefits for establishing gut health and promoting colonization by beneficial gut bacteria.

In contrast to promoting passage of meconium, the other options suggest functions that are not directly related to colostrum's role. For instance, improving milk supply and weight gain are outcomes associated with continued breastfeeding as the mother produces mature breast milk, rather than the properties of colostrum itself. Increased sleep duration is not a direct benefit related to colostrum;