What does an abnormal maternal serum screen suggest when there are increased levels of hCG and inhibin A and decreased levels of uE3 and AFP?

An abnormal maternal serum screen showing increased levels of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) and inhibin A, combined with decreased levels of uE3 (unconjugated estriol) and AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), is indicative of a higher risk for Down syndrome (Trisomy 21).

In the context of prenatal screening, Down syndrome is characterized by specific patterns of these biomarkers. The combination of elevated hCG and inhibin A alongside reduced levels of uE3 and AFP suggests an underlying chromosomal abnormality. This has been well-established in maternal serum screening practices, which utilize these biochemical markers to assess the risk of Down syndrome in the fetus.

The patterns of these markers are utilized because they reflect the placental and fetal physiology associated with certain genetic conditions. While the presence of these markers can suggest different conditions, the specific combination provided is most closely aligned with Down syndrome. Therefore, interpreting the levels accurately informs nursing practice and further testing options.