What complication can occur in a neonate if maternal use of heroin is not managed appropriately during pregnancy?

The correct answer is neonatal abstinence syndrome. When a pregnant individual uses heroin, the drug can cross the placenta and affect the developing fetus. As the fetus becomes dependent on the substance, it may experience withdrawal symptoms after birth, leading to neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).

NAS is characterized by a range of symptoms, including irritability, poor feeding, tremors, seizures, and respiratory issues, which require careful monitoring and supportive care after delivery. Recognizing and addressing maternal substance use during pregnancy is crucial to managing potential complications in the neonate, highlighting the importance of prenatal care and interventions.

While the other options may pertain to pregnancy-related concerns, they are not directly linked to the specific effects of maternal heroin use. Gestational diabetes, congenital heart defects, and intrauterine growth restriction can occur due to various factors but are not uniquely driven by opioid exposure in the same way that NAS is. This underscores why understanding the consequences of substance use on fetal development is vital for healthcare providers.