What are the primary complications related to multiple gestations?

The primary complications related to multiple gestations include preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction. Multiple gestations, such as twins or higher-order multiples, are associated with an increased risk of preterm labor due to factors like uterine overdistension and increased uterine irritability. Preterm birth is defined as delivery occurring before 37 weeks of gestation, and it is common in multiple pregnancies because the physical capacity of the uterus can be exceeded.

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is another significant concern in multiple gestations. It often results from placental insufficiency, where the placenta may not adequately supply nutrients and oxygen to the fetuses, leading to suboptimal growth. This reflects the limited resources available for multiple fetuses compared to a singleton pregnancy, where one placenta would typically supply all necessary nutrients to a single fetus.

Complications like uterine inversion and uterine rupture, while serious, are not primary complications specifically linked to multiple gestations. Maternal hypertension, while prevalent in multiple pregnancies compared to singleton pregnancies, is not as definitive a complication as preterm birth and IUGR. Thus, the combination of preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction highlights the critical risks that arise from the complexities and demands