Poor control of blood glucose levels during the third trimester in a patient with gestational diabetes increases the risk of?

Poor control of blood glucose levels during the third trimester in a patient with gestational diabetes increases the risk of fetal macrosomia. When a pregnant person has elevated blood glucose levels, the fetus is exposed to higher levels of glucose, which can lead to excessive fetal growth. This condition, known as macrosomia, can occur because the fetus produces more insulin in response to the increased glucose. This excess insulin not only promotes growth but may also lead to complications during delivery, such as shoulder dystocia or an increased likelihood of cesarean sections.

Additionally, poor glycemic control can also contribute to other risks, including neonatal hypoglycemia and complications related to the mother’s health, such as an increased risk for preeclampsia. However, among the listed risks, fetal macrosomia is the most directly related to poor glucose control during the third trimester in gestational diabetes, making it a critical outcome to monitor and manage through lifestyle changes and potential insulin therapy.