An infant born with ABO incompatibility is most at risk for developing which condition post-delivery?

An infant born with ABO incompatibility is most at risk for developing anemia due to the potential hemolytic process that occurs when the mother’s antibodies attack the infant’s red blood cells. During ABO incompatibility, if the mother has type O blood and the infant has type A, B, or AB blood, the mother’s immune system may produce antibodies against the infant's red blood cells. This can lead to hemolysis, which is the destruction of red blood cells, resulting in a decreased hemoglobin level and, consequently, anemia.

Anemia in the context of ABO incompatibility can vary from mild to severe, depending on how well the infant copes with the hemolysis and the extent of maternal antibody exposure. Monitoring for anemia is crucial, as it may lead to further complications such as jaundice or even more serious conditions if not managed effectively during the infant's first few days of life.

Understanding the relationship between ABO incompatibility and the resultant hemolysis is vital for recognizing and addressing potential health issues in affected infants.