A common cause of symmetric intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is?

Symmetric intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is characterized by a uniform reduction in fetal size, typically reflecting a proportional decrease in weight, length, and head circumference. One of the common causes of symmetric IUGR is chromosomal abnormalities. These genetic issues can lead to a failure of the fetus to grow at an appropriate rate throughout the pregnancy due to intrinsic factors affecting cellular function and division.

In cases of chromosomal abnormalities, the genetic makeup of the fetus can adversely affect development, leading to a decrease in overall size even early in pregnancy. This contrasts with asymmetric IUGR, which is often associated with conditions affecting placental blood flow and nutrient transfer, resulting in a disproportionately smaller fetal abdomen compared to the head.

While placental insufficiency, preeclampsia, and maternal hypertension are conditions that can lead to asymmetric IUGR due to compromised blood flow and oxygen delivery later in pregnancy, they are not typically associated with symmetric growth restrictions that present early in gestation. Understanding the distinctions between these types of IUGR and their causes is essential for appropriate management and care in obstetric nursing.